Means for the transmission of energy by electromagnetic waves.



R. A. FESSBNDEN. MEANS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY BY ELEUTROMAGNETIGWAVES.

APPLICATION FILED D2019, 1906. 1,01 5,88 1

Patented Jan. 30, 1912.

a SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PV/TNESSES:

.R. 'A. rnssmnm.

MEANS FOR THETRANSMISSION 0E ENERCY BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

I APPLICATION FILED DEC. 19, 1906. 1,015, 1 Patented Jan. 30, 1912.

3 SKEETS-BHEET 2.

LAY 7 1 76" i I 60 g Z 9 W.WS INVENTOR.

v R. A. FESSENDEN. MEANS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY BYELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.19, 1906.

1,015,881 Patented Jan. 30, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

TELA ll T06R11 PH Q;-

UNITED STATES PgrEnT OFFICE.

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR TONATIONAL ELECTRIC SIGNALING COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A

' CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

MEANS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY'BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Beit'known that I, REGINALD A. 'FESSEN- DEN, citizen of the UnitedStates, and resident of Vashington, in the District of Columbia, haveinvented certain new and useful Means for the Transmission of Energy byElectromagnetic Waves, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the art of transmitting by electromagnetic wavessounds, writings and pictures from a central station to a number ofsubscribers.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification,Figure'l shows diagrammatically apparatusfor transmitting writings,sounds, either speech or music and for transmitting pictures. Fig. 2

shows an apparatus for transmitting writing, Figs. 3 and 5 show in.detail apparatus for receiving the Writing. F1g. 4 shows apparatus forrecelving the sounds. Fig. 6

shows diagrammatically an office building arranged for receiving thewritings, sounds and pictures.

In the'practice of my invention I construct a central distributingstation shown in Fig. 1 where 1 is a structure which may be an oflicebuilding and 2, 3 and 4 are antennze. The antennae 2 and 3 areconstructed in the fashion well known in the art. The antenna 4 iscontained in a wholly or partly conducting tube 5 which may for examplebe a portion of an. elevator'shaft or an air shaft- The antenna 4 issupported in this shaft and is connected to a source of high frequencyoscillations 6 by means of the transformer whose coils are 7 and 8, andthe antenna 4 is grounded at 9. When high frequency currents are causedto flow into the antenna 4', if its electrical constants are properlyproportioned the whole oflice buildmg 1 may be caused to actas anantenna and to radiate out electromagnetic waves very efficiently. Theremay, of course, be two or more such antennae in a single oflice build-.

ing and the ofiice building maybe caused to emit waves of more than onefrequency.

The antenna'2 is grounded at 10 and the antenna 3 is grounded at 11. Forthe transmission of writing, an apparatus which may conveniently be ofthe Grey tel-autograph type shown at 12 and in Fig. 2 is used. Thisacts, either by manual impulses in a well known way or by Specifieatipnof Letters Ifatent. I Application filed December 19, 1906. Serial No.348,660.

Patented Jan. 30, 1912.

electrical impulses transmitted over the line 13 to affect thestrengthof-the fields 14, 15 of the high frequency alternators 16, '17.These alternators' 16, 17' are of different frequenci'es and are tunedto the compound antenna 2 by means of the inductances 18, 19. The fieldsof the alternators 16, 17 may be wound if desired differentially.

As shown in Fig. 2, in detail 16, 17 are the high frequency alternatorsof Fig. 1, 14, 15 the fields of the alternators, 1S, 19the tuninginductances and 2 the antenna. The motion of the writing point 20, bychanging the resistances 21, 22 varies the. currents flowing in thefields of the alternators from sources 23, 24, and thereby the strengthof the. emitted Waves. Many modifications may be employed, for examplethe fields may be Wound differentially or the resistances 21, 22 may beplaced in. the high frequency circuits instead of in the field circuits.i

For transmitting speech or music the antenna 4 is used. Thisisoperatively conn'ected as mentioned above to the high fre- I quencydynamo 6 through the transformer 7, 8. 25 is a telephone relaytransmitter having a mouth piece for. local talking and also beingcapable of operation from a dis: tance through the circuit 26. Theoperation is' well-known. (See Fig. 6 of my United States Patent No.793,649.)

In Fig. 1 the antenna 3 is arranged to transmit waves representingpictures. This device comprises a high frequency'alternator 27 togenerate the waves, and by means of a light and projector 28, thepicture to besent is projected from the negative 29 on to the instrument30. This is a high frequency commutator having numeroussectionsconnected to a seriesof selenium cells, so that when the cellsare affected the character of the waves is altered. The cells arearranged after the fashion of the grating of a half tone plate, and theaggregate" character of the waves is governed according to the characterand position of the light projected upon the grating of cells,whichflight is ofcourse in turn governed by the picture to betransmltted. The partlcular construe 'tion of this devicetis notessential to my invention herein claimed. Y

Fig. 6 shows a subscribers station. 31 is an oflice building, 32, 33, 34being antenna:

' respectively grounded at 35, 36, 37, 38. For

receiving wrltin for example stock quota-- tions, 39 is a writingapparatus, which may I be of the Grey tel-autograph type, connected tothe antenna 32 through-the two primaries 40, 41 as shown in detail inFig. 3.

In Fig. 3, 32 is the antenna grounded at 35 and 36, 40 and 41 areprimaries whose secondaries are 42 and 43. 44 and 45 are variablecapacities, 46 and 47 are receivers of any suitable type producingindications by continuous current, for example thermoelectric receiversof tellurium and silicon which furnish their own current, as is wellknown. 48 and 49 are small plunger-magnets which, by means of theirsupporting lever beams 48* and 49 resting on carbon resistances 50 and51 control the magnets 52 and'53 of the Grey tel-autograph 54. 55

and 56 are localbatteries for actuating the tel-autograph.

In operation the waves received affect the instruments 46, 47 so as toproduce currents in the coils 48, 49 which fluctuate in accordance withthe fluctuations and the stream of waves sent, which in turn of courseare varied in consonance with the movements of the writing point 20 ofFig. 2. The writing point 54 of Fig. 3 being governed in its positionand motions by the magnets 52, 53, excited by the sources 55,

56, it will be observedthat these last mentioned circuits are controlledby changing the resistance of the carbon resistances 50, 51 which inturn are altered in resistance in accordance with the movements of themagnets 48, 49 and thus with the character 7 of the trains of wavestransmitted.

The circuits including the antenna 32 and coil 40 on the one hand andthe circuit including the antenna and the coil 41 on the other hand arerespectively arranged as well known in this art, by tuning to respond toand 64 the knife edge, 65 is a local battery and 66 is'one of themagnets 52or 53 of the tel-autograph above described. The received wavescausing by their fluctuations a variation in the current at 60, alterthe character or mean time of contact at 62.

It is found in practice that the intensity of the localcurrent in themagnet 66 depends upon theintensity of the oscillatory currents receivedby the antenna 32.

For receiving sounds, the antenna 33 in 'Loiaem Fig. 6 is used. 67 isthe primary of a transformer operatively connected to the appa ratus 68which is shown in detail in Fi 4.

In Fig. 4, 33 is the antenna grounde at 37, 67 is the primary of thetransformer, 68' 'ItS secondary, 69, 70 are condensers, 71 a re ceiver,72 a potentiometer, 73 a telephone relafy, 74, 75 are the primary andsecondary o a telephone induction coil, 76 'a local battery, 77, 78, 79telephone receivers and 80 a loud speaking telephone.

Thetelephone receivers and loud speakingv telephones are'connected in atthe otfice of the subscriber. Y

' The device for receiving pictures is connected with the antenna 34,grounded at 38 and by means of a local battery 81 which excites thevacuum tube 82, the fluctuations or alterations in characteristics ofthe wave trains received are caused to reproduce the picture on theinstrument 83. This is an arrangement of 'oscillatin mirrors whichoperate upon the princip e of persistence of visual impressions, but theparticular construction not being a part of the invention here claimedis not described here.

By the above described apparatus '1 may transmit from a centraldlstributing station all of the news of the day, such as reports andpictures, or music, or conversation to a great many subscriberssimultaneously. The transmission of all intelligence appealing to thedifferent senses being accomplished by the agency of electromagneticwaves, which makes it very eflicient and economical as will be readilyunderstood. The present application is intended to cover the generalsystem and the transmission of writing by electromagnetic Waves, and thetransmission of pictures is claimed elsewhere.

What I claim herein is the following:

1. In the art of transmitting intelligence, thecombination with aradiating structure for electromagnetic waves, of means to excite thesame for radiation of waves representing sound, Writing and picturessimultaneously, and a receiving station having means to select the wavesof the three kinds and, simultaneously reproduce sounds, writing andpictures.

2. The combmation with a sending device and a receiving device operatedby electromagetic waves,- of means for generating a continuous train ofwaves and modifylng them in groups, representing several kinds ofintelligence, and means at the receiving station for selecting theseveral groups and thereby reproducing several characteristic kinds ofintelligence, substantially as described.

3. In theart of the combination of a central station having devices forgeneratingia continuous stream of electromagnet'c waves, and modifyingdistributing intelligence, I p A them in accordance with speech and handwriting, and a plurality of receiving stations having devices forselecting the said modified waves and reproducing the said speech andwriting, substantially as described.

4. In the art of transmitting intelligence, a generating station havinga wave emitting device, and generating means associated therewith toefi'ect the emission of-a continuous stream of electromagnetic waves,

. apparatus for modifying said Waves in accordance with several forms ofthe intelligence to be transmitted, and a receiving station having aplurality of receivers, each of which is adapted to respond to themodified waves representing one form of intelligence; substantially as,described.

- 5. Apparatus for transmitting intellirrzee com risin a sendin antennaa generator for causing the antenna to emit a continuous stream ofelectromagnetic waves, a tel-autograph arranged to modify.

the action of the generator, a receiving station, and a tel-autographconnected in the receiving circuit of the receiving station, and tunedto respond to the modified impulses produced by the tel-autograph at thesending station. 6. In apparatus for transmitting of energy,

a building having an interior conducting shaft, a wave generator withinthe building, t

and a conductor extending upwardly from the wave generator through .theshaft 17th day of December A. D. 1906.

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN. Witnesses: JESSIE E. BENT, ADELEINE WOLENER.

